Fragments of an anonymous Amduat papyrus
The fragments of Turin papyrus Provv. 5078 present scenes from the Amduat's Twelfth Hour.
The treatise’s structure consists of three horizontal registers. From left to right it describes the last division of the Netherworld through a multimodal composition of visual and linguistic signs.
The Twelfth Hour describes the end of the Sun-god Re’s nocturnal journey through the Netherworld. Here, the Sun’s rejuvenation process takes place inside the life-regenerating serpent anx-nTr.w (Life of the gods). This allows Re, in his renewed form (here missing), to exit the Netherworld by travelling through the air-god Shu’s outstretched arms in order to be reborn as the sun disk at dawn. In the top register, many deities witness the end of the Sun-god’s journey, praising the Great God and protecting him from the danger of his nemesis, the serpent Apophis.
This hour of the night presents fragments of the following scenes: The Twelve Goddesses with Snakes, The Twelve Worshipers, The Solar Boat, The Twelve Gods of Tow and The Snake of Rejuvenation.
Third Intermediate Period (1076-664 BC)
Dynasty 21 (1076-944 BC)
Amenemope/Siamun
Thebes (?)
Acquisition: Unknown
Acquisition Date: 1824 post
Enrico Pozzi (EP)
Shenali Boange (SB)
cursive hieroglyphs
Amduat
Twelfth Hour
Unified Darkness (kkw-smAw)
Third Intermediate Period (1076-664 BC)
Dynasty 21 (1076-944 BC)
Amenemope/Siamun
Yes
The manuscript’s visual representation describes the Sun-god Re’s nocturnal journey through the Amduat's Twelfth Hour of the night. The treatise’s visual model resembles the prototype established that decorates the 18th Dynasty royal burial chambers in the Valley of the Kings. Few deities are missing from these papyrus fragments (deities 822, 825, 830-831, 836-845, 846-848, 854-856, 858-861 and 864-868). The treatise’s structure consists of three horizontal registers presenting Re, in his nocturnal shape as a ram-headed deity, travelling on the solar boat through the last netherworld region. The top register presents seven goddesses with fire-spitting snakes on their shoulders, punishing Re’s nemesis Apophis and brightening the Netherworld’s darkness, while two worshipers, characterised by the typical adoration gesture with raised hands, praise the Great God. In the middle register, in order to complete Re’s rejuvenation process, excerpts of three gods tow the solar barque through the entire body of the life-regenerating serpent anx-nTr.w (Life of the gods). The depiction of the solar vessel is almost lost, but we see fragments of the stern recognising iwf (Flesh), mHn (Mehen), Hr-Hknw (Horus of fragrance) and kA-mAa.t (Bull of Maat). The bottom register is wholly lost, but we see a fragment containing two excerpts of texts.
Hornung E., Das Amduat:
die Schrift des verborgenen Raumes, Teil I–III (ÄA 7 und 13), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 1963-1967 (OEB10071-12422).
Hornung E., Texte Zum Amduat, Teil I-III: Kurzfassung und Langfassung, 1. bis 12. Stunde, Autographiert von Lotty Spycher und Barbara Lüscher (AH 13–15), Genève: Éditions de Belles-Lettres 1987–1994 (OEB 28504, 35567, 36111).
Niwinski A., Studies on the Illustrated Theban Funerary Papyri of the 11th and 10th Centuries B.C. (OBO 86), Fribourg / Göttingen: Universitätsverlag / Vandenhoeck Ruprecht 1989 (OEB 32792).
Sadek, A-A F., Contribution à l’étude de l’Amdouat: Les variantes tardives du Livre de l’Amdouat dans les papyrus du Musée du Caire (OBO 65), Freiburg / Göttingen: Universitätsverlag / Vandenhoeck Ruprecht 1985 (OEB 29751).