Il Papiro delle Miniere di Torino
Il papiro Cat.1879+1969+1899+2083/174+2083/182, noto anche come “Papiro delle Miniere di Torino”, è una delle più antiche mappe geografiche conosciute. Fu acquistato da Bernardino Drovetti in Egitto tra il 1814 e il 1821 e venduto nel 1824 a Carlo Felice, re di Sardegna e Piemonte, assieme a un’ampia collezione di oggetti. Il papiro proviene dall’antico villaggio di Deir el-Medina e il suo proprietario era, con ogni probabilità, lo scriba Amunnakth, figlio di Ipuy, giacché la sua mano è riconoscibile nella maggior parti dei testi.
Sul recto è rappresentata la regione montuosa dello Wadi Hammamat (un antico alveo prosciugato che era collegato al Mar Rosso). Le montagne sul lato sinistro sono colorate in rosa per indicare la presenza di granito e depositi aurei, mentre da quelle in marrone scuro sul lato destro si cavava la roccia sedimentaria. Le montagne sono accessibili da diversi wadi’s, che corrono attraverso la valle e sono rappresentati sul papiro come strade. La grande struttura bianca in alto a sinistra è una cappella dedicata al dio Amun, mentre la forma bianca più piccola indica il punto il cui si trovava la Stele del re Seti I. Appena sopra di essa, è disegnato un piccolo villaggio di quattro case. Il tracciato punteggiato di bianco e marrone al centro del papiro rappresenta depositi alluvionali. I disegni sulla mappa sono circondati da 28 didascalie in ieratico. La maggior parte di questi testi riporta nomi di strade o costruzioni, mentre i testi attorno alle montagne indicano la collocazione dei depositi aurei. Le didascalie più ampie descrivono le operazioni per l’estrazione della pietra “bekhen”, il nome egiziano di una pietra verde-grigiastra.
New Kingdom (1539-1077 BC)
Dynasty 20 (1190-1077 BC)
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Thebes/Deir el-Medina (?)
Acquisizione: Drovetti, Bernardino
Data acquisizione: 1824
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Juan José Archidona Ramírez (JJAR)
hieratic
Map, Topographical text, Various
mountain, measuring, gold, electrum, cubit, bekhen-stone, working, road, sea, stela
New Kingdom (1539-1077 BC)
Dynasty 20 (1190-1077 BC)
Ramesses IV (Heqamaatre Setepenamun)
Yes
On the recto of the map the mountainous region of the Wadi Hammamat (an ancient dried up riverbed that was connected to the Red Sea) is shown. The mountains on the left side have a pink colour which indicated the presence of granite and gold deposits, whereas the dark brown mountains on the right side contained sedimentary rock. The mountains are accessible by the several wadi’s that run through the valley, which are represented as roads on the papyrus. The large white structure on the top left of the map is a chapel of the god Amun, while the smaller white shape highlights the spot where the Stela of King Seti I was located; just above it, four small village houses have been drawn. The spotted white and brown track running through the middle of the papyrus represents alluvial deposits.
Anne-Claude Honnay (ACH, Ramses Online)
Juan José Archidona Ramírez (JJAR)
hieratic
Event, Letter
copper, deben, numbers, payment, spike, tools
Thebes (niw.t), Great Hall (wsx.t-aA.t), Royal necropolis/tomb (pA-xr)
New Kingdom (1539-1077 BC)
Dynasty 20 (1190-1077 BC)
Ramesses IV (Usermaatre Setepenamun)
No
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Juan José Archidona Ramírez (JJAR)
hieratic
Administrative text, Account
amount, numbers
New Kingdom (1539-1077 BC)
Dynasty 20 (1190-1077 BC)
---
No
---
This text has not been noticed by the literature
Anne-Claude Honnay (ACH, Ramses Online)
Juan José Archidona Ramírez (JJAR)
hieratic
Oath
hut
New Kingdom (1539-1077 BC)
Dynasty 20 (1190-1077 BC)
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No
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Deir el-Medina database
Helck, Materialien, II, p. 198 (OEB 262317)
Hovestreydt, in LingAeg 5 (1997), p. 114, note 19 (OEB 41113)
Juan José Archidona Ramírez (JJAR)
hieratic
Letter, Administrative text
tomb (royal), tools, work
New Kingdom (1539-1077 BC)
Dynasty 20 (1190-1077 BC)
---
No
---
Juan José Archidona Ramírez (JJAR)
hieratic
List, Religious text
gods
New Kingdom (1539-1077 BC)
Dynasty 20 (1190-1077 BC)
---
No
---
Juan José Archidona Ramírez (JJAR)
hieratic
Administrative text, Account
deben, measuring, numbers, copper, amount
New Kingdom (1539-1077 BC)
Dynasty 20 (1190-1077 BC)
---
No
---
Deir el-Medina database Leiden
Anne-Claude Honnay (ACH, Ramses Online)
Juan José Archidona Ramírez (JJAR)
hieratic
Communication, Letter
insence, jasper, lapis lazuli, libation, faience, gold, wood, white crown, statue, offering, Pharaoh
Great and sacred place (s.t-aA.t-dSr.t)
New Kingdom (1539-1077 BC)
Dynasty 20 (1190-1077 BC)
Ramesses VI (Nebmaatre-Meriamun)
No
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Helck,
Die datierten und datierbaren Ostraka, p. 449 (OEB 49907)
Hovestreydt, in LingAeg 5 (1997), pp. 107-121 (OEB 41113)
Juan José Archidona Ramírez (JJAR)
hieratic
Religious text, Hymn
Thebes (wAs.t)
New Kingdom (1539-1077 BC)
Dynasty 20 (1190-1077 BC)
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No
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Dorn-Polis, in BIFAO 116 (2016), pp. 57-96 (OEB 249521)
Juan José Archidona Ramírez (JJAR)
none (drawing)
Drawing
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---
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Yes
Drawings of a beard(?) and the wing of a bird/god(?) Description of the beard: Thick black outlines with thinner lines to indicate inner detail. several lines are drawn at an angle to simulate the beard being braided. There are some smudges in red ink just underneath the drawing of the beard. Description of the wing: Thick and blobby lines at the bottom, becoming increasingly thinner towards the top of the drawing.
Harrell-Brown, in JARCE XXIX (1992), p. 90 (OEB 35592)
Juan José Archidona Ramírez (JJAR)
none (drawing)
Drawing
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---
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Yes
A side-view drawing of a crocodile with its back turned and head slightly tilted to the left. The artist has made a thick contour line around the body of the crocodile, inner detail has been added with a thinner line. Its snout, scales, double-crested tail, and individual toes on its feet have been indicated.
Harrell-Brown, in JARCE XXIX (1992), p. 90 (OEB 35592)
Juan José Archidona Ramírez (JJAR)
hieratic
Letter, Administrative text
work
New Kingdom (1539-1077 BC)
---
---
No
---
Juan José Archidona Ramírez (JJAR)
hieratic
Administrative text
New Kingdom (1539-1077 BC)
Dynasty 20 (1190-1077 BC)
---
No
---
Juan José Archidona Ramírez (JJAR)
none (drawing)
Drawing
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---
---
Yes
five geometrical shapes (squares/circles). Four of which are on Harrell-Brown fragment L and one on fragment M. Underneath the five shapes, a humanoid(?) figure is in an adoring stance with its hands slightly raised. The figure is standing on top of two horizontal lines which resemble the roads on the recto of the mine map.
Juan José Archidona Ramírez (JJAR)
hieratic
Administrative text
New Kingdom (1539-1077 BC)
Dynasty 20 (1190-1077 BC)
---
No
---
Juan José Archidona Ramírez (JJAR)
hieratic
Religious text, Hymn
door
New Kingdom (1539-1077 BC)
Dynasty 20 (1190-1077 BC)
---
No
---
Juan José Archidona Ramírez (JJAR)
none (drawing)
Drawing
---
---
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Yes
Drawing of Geb(?) and Nut in black outlines. A grid of red ink is visible around the two figures. The grid that was used to draw Nut has larger blocks of approximately X x X mm, while the blocks used in the drawing of Geb are X x X mm. Description of Nut: the outlines and lines indicating inner detail have the same thickness, except the pubic region which has been drawn as a black-filled triangular shape. The individual toes, a bracelet around each ankle and round shapes on the belly have been added as detail. Additionally, a humanoid figure is resting on her back along with several short vertical lines running along the rest of her back. Description Geb: drawn at an angle underneath Nut. The outer lines of the bracelet on his arm have been indicated. His hair is black and is surrounded by several other black-filled squares of unknown meaning. Alternatively the figure of Geb might not belong to the drawing of Nut all together. Arguments for this are that the figure is drawn at a great distance away from Nut, and on a noticebly smaler scale. Perhaps the figure should be interpreted as being a drawing on its own, possibly of a female dancer with hairstrands being depicted at both sides of her face.
Harrell-Brown, in JARCE XXIX (1992), p. 90 (OEB 35592)
Juan José Archidona Ramírez (JJAR)
hieratic
Administrative text
stone, pyramidion
New Kingdom (1539-1077 BC)
Dynasty 20 (1190-1077 BC)
---
No
---
Juan José Archidona Ramírez (JJAR)
hieratic
List, Administrative text
numbers, khar (measurement), grain, amount, vessel
New Kingdom (1539-1077 BC)
Dynasty 20 (1190-1077 BC)
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No
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