Discover how scientists and conservators are working together to remove old, damaging adhesives from ancient papyri using safe, modern techniques.
Papyrus Cat. 1836 is an ancient Egyptian manuscript housed in the Museo Egizio. Like many papyri preserved in museums, it underwent restoration several decades ago - probably in the 1950s - using materials and methods that we now know can be harmful over time. For example, it was backed with thick paper and glued into a frame using various adhesives that can weaken or damage the fragile papyrus today.
This project is all about understanding and safely removing those old restoration materials to help preserve the papyrus for the future.
Restorers in the 19th and 20th centuries did their best with the knowledge they had, but many of the materials they used, such as heavy paper backings and strong adhesives, are no longer considered safe. Over time, these materials can stress the papyrus, change its texture, or cause it to break down. Removing them is a delicate process that must be done with great care and the right scientific tools.
1. Understanding the Old Adhesives:
First, we analyze the types of glue and other substances that were used in past restorations. Knowing their chemical makeup helps us choose the safest way to remove them.
2. Testing on Mock-Ups:
Before we touch the real papyrus, we create detailed replicas that look and behave like the original—including ink and signs of age. These test samples let us see how different cleaning methods work without risking damage to the real artifact.
3. Trying New Techniques:
We’re combining trusted methods—like careful solvent use—with cutting-edge technologies, such as cold plasma and bio-based cleaning agents. These innovative tools may offer gentler and more effective solutions for papyrus conservation.
4. Carefully Cleaning the Original
Once we’ve tested and refined our approach, we’ll apply the best technique to Papyrus Cat. 1836 itself. The goal is to gently remove the harmful materials added in the past, while preserving the original writing and structure.
The results of this project won’t just benefit one papyrus, they’ll help shape better ways to preserve many ancient documents around the world. By combining science with conservation, we’re giving fragile artifacts like Papyrus Cat. 1836 a second chance to tell their story.
This project is a collaboration between the Museo Egizio (Francesca Gaia Maiocchi) and the Opificio delle Pietre Dure in Florence (Andrea Cagnini, Rita Capitani, Angelita Mairani), one of Italy’s top conservation institutes, in collaboration with the restorer Livio Nappo. We're also working with scientists from the National Institute of Optics for advanced imaging techniques.
